<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
    "application/xhtml+xml; charset=iso-8859-1" />
    <title>
      Postfix-3.5.0
    </title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../stylesheets/lfs.css" />
    <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../stylesheets/lfs-print.css" type=
    "text/css" media="print" />
  </head>
  <body class="blfs" id="blfs-2020-04-02">
    <div class="navheader">
      <h4>
        Beyond Linux<sup>�</sup> From Scratch <span class="phrase">(System
        V</span> Edition) - Version 2020-04-02
      </h4>
      <h3>
        Chapter&nbsp;21.&nbsp;Mail Server Software
      </h3>
      <ul>
        <li class="prev">
          <a accesskey="p" href="exim.html" title="Exim-4.93">Prev</a>
          <p>
            Exim-4.93
          </p>
        </li>
        <li class="next">
          <a accesskey="n" href="sendmail.html" title=
          "sendmail-8.15.2">Next</a>
          <p>
            sendmail-8.15.2
          </p>
        </li>
        <li class="up">
          <a accesskey="u" href="mail.html" title=
          "Chapter&nbsp;21.&nbsp;Mail Server Software">Up</a>
        </li>
        <li class="home">
          <a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
          "Beyond Linux� From Scratch     (System V Edition) - Version 2020-04-02">
          Home</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
      <h1 class="sect1">
        <a id="postfix" name="postfix"></a>Postfix-3.5.0
      </h1>
      <div class="package" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          Introduction to Postfix
        </h2>
        <p>
          The <span class="application">Postfix</span> package contains a
          Mail Transport Agent (MTA). This is useful for sending email to
          other users of your host machine. It can also be configured to be a
          central mail server for your domain, a mail relay agent or simply a
          mail delivery agent to your local Internet Service Provider.
        </p>
        <p>
          This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-9.1
          platform.
        </p>
        <h3>
          Package Information
        </h3>
        <div class="itemizedlist">
          <ul class="compact">
            <li class="listitem">
              <p>
                Download (FTP): <a class="ulink" href=
                "ftp://ftp.porcupine.org/mirrors/postfix-release/official/postfix-3.5.0.tar.gz">
                ftp://ftp.porcupine.org/mirrors/postfix-release/official/postfix-3.5.0.tar.gz</a>
              </p>
            </li>
            <li class="listitem">
              <p>
                Download MD5 sum: f6a48f369cf8d693d7b0f8ab51f0fc9b
              </p>
            </li>
            <li class="listitem">
              <p>
                Download size: 4.4 MB
              </p>
            </li>
            <li class="listitem">
              <p>
                Estimated disk space required: 202 MB
              </p>
            </li>
            <li class="listitem">
              <p>
                Estimated build time: 0.4 SBU
              </p>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <h3>
          Postfix Dependencies
        </h3>
        <h4>
          Recommended
        </h4>
        <p class="recommended">
          <a class="xref" href="db.html" title="Berkeley DB-5.3.28">Berkeley
          DB-5.3.28</a>, <a class="xref" href="../postlfs/cyrus-sasl.html"
          title="Cyrus SASL-2.1.27">Cyrus SASL-2.1.27</a>, and <a class=
          "xref" href="../basicnet/libnsl.html" title=
          "libnsl-1.2.0">libnsl-1.2.0</a>
        </p>
        <h4>
          Optional
        </h4>
        <p class="optional">
          <a class="xref" href="../general/icu.html" title=
          "ICU-66.1">ICU-66.1</a> for Email Address Internationalization
          (SMTPUTF8) support, <a class="xref" href="mariadb.html" title=
          "MariaDB-10.4.12">MariaDB-10.4.12</a> or <a class="ulink" href=
          "http://www.mysql.com/">MySQL</a>, <a class="xref" href=
          "openldap.html" title="OpenLDAP-2.4.49">OpenLDAP-2.4.49</a>,
          <a class="xref" href="../general/pcre.html" title=
          "PCRE-8.44">PCRE-8.44</a>, <a class="xref" href="postgresql.html"
          title="PostgreSQL-12.2">PostgreSQL-12.2</a>, <a class="xref" href=
          "sqlite.html" title="SQLite-3.31.1">SQLite-3.31.1</a>, and
          <a class="ulink" href="http://cr.yp.to/cdb.html">CDB</a> or
          <a class="ulink" href=
          "http://www.corpit.ru/mjt/tinycdb.html">TinyCDB</a>
        </p>
        <p>
          Note that <span class="application">SQLite</span>, <span class=
          "application">MySQL</span>, <span class=
          "application">PostgreSQL</span> and <span class=
          "application">CDB</span> are only useful if there is a known need
          for them.
        </p>
        <p class="usernotes">
          User Notes: <a class="ulink" href=
          "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/postfix">http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/postfix</a>
        </p>
      </div>
      <div class="installation" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          Installation of Postfix
        </h2>
        <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <h3 class="sect3"></h3>
          <h4 class="title">
            <a id="idm140006437306704" name="idm140006437306704"></a>Adding
            Users and Groups
          </h4>
          <p>
            Before you compile the program, you need to create users and
            groups that will be expected to be in place during the
            installation. Add the users and groups with the following
            commands issued by the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user:
          </p>
          <pre class="root">
<kbd class="command">groupadd -g 32 postfix &amp;&amp;
groupadd -g 33 postdrop &amp;&amp;
useradd -c "Postfix Daemon User" -d /var/spool/postfix -g postfix \
        -s /bin/false -u 32 postfix &amp;&amp;
chown -v postfix:postfix /var/mail</kbd>
</pre>
        </div>
        <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <h3 class="sect3"></h3>
          <h4 class="title">
            <a id="idm140006437302432" name=
            "idm140006437302432"></a>Configuring the Build
          </h4>
          <p>
            The README files are formatted to be read with a pager like
            <span class="application">Less</span> or <span class=
            "application">More</span>. If you want to use a text editor, make
            them legible with the following sed:
          </p>
          <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class="command">sed -i 's/.\x08//g' README_FILES/*</kbd>
</pre>
          <p>
            The <span class="application">Postfix</span> source tree does not
            contain a <code class="filename">configure</code> script, rather
            the makefile in the top-level directory contains a <code class=
            "option">makefiles</code> target that regenerates all the other
            makefiles in the build tree. If you wish to use additional
            software such as a database back-end for virtual users, or
            TLS/SSL authentication, you will need to regenerate the makefiles
            using one or more of the appropriate <code class=
            "envar">CCARGS</code> and <code class="envar">AUXLIBS</code>
            settings listed below.
          </p>
          <p>
            For more details read the readme files.
          </p>
          <div class="sect4">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h5 class="title">
                    <a id="idm140006437293840" name=
                    "idm140006437293840"></a>Cyrus-SASL
                  </h5>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <p>
              To use <span class="application">Cyrus-SASL</span> with
              <span class="application">Postfix</span>, use the following
              arguments:
            </p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class=
"literal">CCARGS='-DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl'
AUXLIBS='-lsasl2'</code>
</pre>
          </div>
          <div class="sect4">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h5 class="title">
                    <a id="idm140006437289472" name=
                    "idm140006437289472"></a>OpenLDAP
                  </h5>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <p>
              To use <span class="application">OpenLDAP</span> with
              <span class="application">Postfix</span>, use the following
              arguments:
            </p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="literal">CCARGS='-DHAS_LDAP'
AUXLIBS='-lldap -llber'</code>
</pre>
          </div>
          <div class="sect4">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h5 class="title">
                    <a id="idm140006437285680" name=
                    "idm140006437285680"></a>Sqlite
                  </h5>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <p>
              To use <span class="application">Sqlite</span> with
              <span class="application">Postfix</span>, use the following
              arguments:
            </p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="literal">CCARGS='-DHAS_SQLITE'
AUXLIBS='-lsqlite3 -lpthread'</code>
</pre>
          </div>
          <div class="sect4">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h5 class="title">
                    <a id="idm140006437281888" name=
                    "idm140006437281888"></a>MySQL
                  </h5>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <p>
              To use <span class="application">MySQL</span> with <span class=
              "application">Postfix</span>, use the following arguments:
            </p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="literal">CCARGS='-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql'
AUXLIBS='-lmysqlclient -lz -lm'</code>
</pre>
          </div>
          <div class="sect4">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h5 class="title">
                    <a id="idm140006437278064" name=
                    "idm140006437278064"></a>PostgreSQL
                  </h5>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <p>
              To use <span class="application">PostgreSQL</span> with
              <span class="application">Postfix</span>, use the following
              arguments:
            </p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="literal">CCARGS='-DHAS_PGSQL -I/usr/include/postgresql'
AUXLIBS='-lpq -lz -lm'</code>
</pre>
          </div>
          <div class="sect4">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h5 class="title">
                    <a id="idm140006437274256" name=
                    "idm140006437274256"></a>CDB/TinyCDB
                  </h5>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <p>
              To use <span class="application">CDB</span> or <span class=
              "application">TinyCDB</span> with <span class=
              "application">Postfix</span>, use the following arguments:
            </p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="literal">CCARGS='-DHAS_CDB'
AUXLIBS='<em class=
"replaceable"><code>&lt;/path/to/CDB&gt;</code></em>/libcdb.a'</code>
</pre>
          </div>
          <div class="sect4">
            <div class="titlepage">
              <div>
                <div>
                  <h5 class="title">
                    <a id="idm140006437269328" name=
                    "idm140006437269328"></a>StartTLS Authentication
                  </h5>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <p>
              To use <span class="application">OpenSSL</span> with
              <span class="application">Postfix</span>, use the following
              arguments:
            </p>
            <pre class="screen">
<code class="literal">CCARGS='-DUSE_TLS -I/usr/include/openssl/'
AUXLIBS='-lssl -lcrypto'</code>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <h3 class="sect3"></h3>
          <h4 class="title">
            <a id="idm140006437265392" name=
            "idm140006437265392"></a>Installing Postfix
          </h4>
          <p>
            If you have <span class="application">Cyrus SASL</span> and
            <span class="application">OpenSSL</span> installed, install
            <span class="application">Postfix</span> by running the following
            commands:
          </p>
          <pre class="userinput">
<kbd class=
"command">make CCARGS="-DUSE_TLS -I/usr/include/openssl/                     \
             -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl" \
     AUXLIBS="-lssl -lcrypto -lsasl2"                              \
     makefiles &amp;&amp;
make</kbd>
</pre>
          <p>
            This package does not come with a useful test suite.
          </p>
          <p>
            Now, as the <code class="systemitem">root</code> user:
          </p>
          <pre class="root">
<kbd class="command">sh postfix-install -non-interactive \
   daemon_directory=/usr/lib/postfix \
   manpage_directory=/usr/share/man \
   html_directory=/usr/share/doc/postfix-3.5.0/html \
   readme_directory=/usr/share/doc/postfix-3.5.0/readme</kbd>
</pre>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="commands" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          Command Explanations
        </h2>
        <p>
          <span class="command"><strong>make makefiles</strong></span>: This
          command rebuilds the makefiles throughout the source tree to use
          the options contained in the <code class="envar">CCARGS</code> and
          <code class="envar">AUXLIBS</code> variables.
        </p>
        <p>
          <span class="command"><strong>sh postfix-install
          -non-interactive</strong></span>: This keeps the install script
          from asking any questions, thereby accepting default destination
          directories in all but the few cases. If the <code class=
          "option">html_directory</code> and <code class=
          "option">readme_directory</code> options are not set then the
          documentation will not be installed.
        </p>
        <p>
          <code class="option">CCARGS="-DNO_EAI ..."</code>: this will turn
          off SMTPUTF8 support, for example if the rest of your email address
          infrastructure cannot handle UTF-8 email addresses and message
          header values.
        </p>
      </div>
      <div class="configuration" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          Configuring Postfix
        </h2>
        <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <h3 class="sect3">
            <a id="postfix-config" name="postfix-config"></a>
          </h3>
          <h4 class="title">
            <a id="postfix-config" name="postfix-config"></a>Config Files
          </h4>
          <p>
            <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code>, <code class=
            "filename">/etc/postfix/main.cf</code>, and <code class=
            "filename">/etc/postfix/master.cf</code>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <h3 class="sect3"></h3>
          <h4 class="title">
            <a id="idm140006437241360" name=
            "idm140006437241360"></a>Configuration Information
          </h4>
          <p>
            Create (or append to an existing) <code class=
            "filename">/etc/aliases</code> with the following command. Change
            <em class="replaceable"><code>&lt;LOGIN&gt;</code></em> for your
            non-root login identity so mail addressed to <code class=
            "systemitem">root</code> can be forwarded to you. As the
            <code class="systemitem">root</code> user:
          </p>
          <pre class="root">
<kbd class="command">cat &gt;&gt; /etc/aliases &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<code class="literal"># Begin /etc/aliases

MAILER-DAEMON:    postmaster
postmaster:       root

root:             <em class="replaceable"><code>&lt;LOGIN&gt;</code></em>
# End /etc/aliases</code>
EOF</kbd>
</pre>
          <p>
            To protect an existing <code class="filename">/etc/aliases</code>
            file, the above command appends these aliases to it if it exists.
            This file should be checked and duplicate aliases removed, if
            present.
          </p>
          <div class="admon note">
            <img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
            <h3>
              Note
            </h3>
            <p>
              The <code class="filename">/etc/postfix/main.cf</code> and
              <code class="filename">/etc/postfix/master.cf</code> files must
              be personalized for your system. The <code class=
              "filename">main.cf</code> file needs your fully qualified
              hostname. You will find that <code class=
              "filename">main.cf</code> is self documenting, so load it into
              your editor to make the changes you need for your situation.
            </p>
          </div>
          <div class="admon note">
            <img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
            <h3>
              Note
            </h3>
            <p>
              <span class="application">Postfix</span> can also be set up to
              run in a chroot jail. See the file in the source <code class=
              "filename">examples/chroot-setup/LINUX2</code> for details.
            </p>
          </div>
          <p>
            If you have an existing configuration, you can run the
            <span class="command"><strong>postfix</strong></span> utility to
            add any necessary definitions to your existing files. As the
            <code class="systemitem">root</code> user:
          </p>
          <pre class="root">
<kbd class="command">/usr/sbin/postfix upgrade-configuration</kbd>
</pre>
          <p>
            Before starting <span class="application">Postfix</span>, you
            should check that your configuration and file permissions will
            work properly. Run the following commands as the <code class=
            "systemitem">root</code> user to check and start your
            <span class="application">Postfix</span> server:
          </p>
          <pre class="root">
<kbd class="command">/usr/sbin/postfix check &amp;&amp;
/usr/sbin/postfix start</kbd>
</pre>
        </div>
        <div class="sect3" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
          <h3 class="sect3">
            <a id="postfix-init" name="postfix-init"></a>
          </h3>
          <h4 class="title">
            <a id="postfix-init" name="postfix-init"></a><span class=
            "phrase">Boot Script</span>
          </h4>
          <p>
            To automate the running of Postfix at startup, install the
            <span class="phrase"><code class=
            "filename">/etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix</code> init script</span>
            included in the <a class="xref" href=
            "../introduction/bootscripts.html" title=
            "BLFS Boot Scripts">blfs-bootscripts-20191204</a> package:
          </p>
          <pre class="root">
<kbd class="command">make install-postfix</kbd>
</pre>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="content" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
        <h2 class="sect2">
          Contents
        </h2>
        <div class="segmentedlist">
          <div class="seglistitem">
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed Programs:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">mailq (symlink), newaliases (symlink),
              postalias, postcat, postconf, postdrop, postfix, postkick,
              postlock, postlog, postmap, postmulti, postqueue, postsuper,
              and sendmail</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed Libraries:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">None</span>
            </div>
            <div class="seg">
              <strong class="segtitle">Installed Directories:</strong>
              <span class="segbody">/{etc,usr/lib}/postfix,
              /usr/share/doc/postfix-3.5.0 and
              /var/{lib,spool}/postfix</span>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="variablelist">
          <h3>
            Short Descriptions
          </h3>
          <table border="0" class="variablelist">
            <colgroup>
              <col align="left" valign="top" />
              <col />
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="mailq" name="mailq"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>mailq</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symlink to <code class="filename">sendmail</code>.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="newaliases" name="newaliases"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>newaliases</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A symlink to <code class="filename">sendmail</code>.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postalias" name="postalias"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postalias</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    is a utility for <span class="application">Postfix</span>
                    alias database maintenance
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postcat" name="postcat"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postcat</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Prints the contents of files from the <span class=
                    "application">Postfix</span> queue in human readable
                    format.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postconf" name="postconf"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postconf</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Displays or changes the value of <span class=
                    "application">Postfix</span> configuration parameters.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postdrop" name="postdrop"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postdrop</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates a file in the maildrop directory and copies its
                    standard input to the file.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postfix-bin" name="postfix-bin"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postfix</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    is the <span class="application">Postfix</span> control
                    program.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postkick" name="postkick"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postkick</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Sends requests to the specified service over a local
                    transport channel.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postlock" name="postlock"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postlock</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Locks a mail folder for exclusive use, and executes
                    commands passed to it.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postlog" name="postlog"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postlog</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    A <span class="application">Postfix</span>-compatible
                    logging interface for use in, for example, shell scripts.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postmap" name="postmap"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postmap</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    Creates or queries one or more Postfix lookup tables, or
                    updates an existing one.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postmulti" name="postmulti"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postmulti</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    is the <span class="application">Postfix</span>
                    multi-instance manager. It allows a system administrator
                    to manage multiple <span class=
                    "application">Postfix</span> instances on a single host.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postqueue" name="postqueue"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postqueue</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    The <span class="application">Postfix</span> user
                    interface for queue management.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="postsuper" name="postsuper"></a><span class=
                    "term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>postsuper</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    The <span class="application">Postfix</span> user
                    interface for superuser queue management.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    <a id="sendmail-postfix" name=
                    "sendmail-postfix"></a><span class="term"><span class=
                    "command"><strong>sendmail</strong></span></span>
                  </p>
                </td>
                <td>
                  <p>
                    is the <span class="application">Postfix</span> to
                    <span class="application">Sendmail</span> compatibility
                    interface.
                  </p>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </div>
      </div>
      <p class="updated">
        Last updated on 2020-03-18 14:00:18 -0500
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="navfooter">
      <ul>
        <li class="prev">
          <a accesskey="p" href="exim.html" title="Exim-4.93">Prev</a>
          <p>
            Exim-4.93
          </p>
        </li>
        <li class="next">
          <a accesskey="n" href="sendmail.html" title=
          "sendmail-8.15.2">Next</a>
          <p>
            sendmail-8.15.2
          </p>
        </li>
        <li class="up">
          <a accesskey="u" href="mail.html" title=
          "Chapter&nbsp;21.&nbsp;Mail Server Software">Up</a>
        </li>
        <li class="home">
          <a accesskey="h" href="../index.html" title=
          "Beyond Linux� From Scratch     (System V Edition) - Version 2020-04-02">
          Home</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>
